Shin Splint Complications

Tendonitis (inflammation of the tendon) can cause degeneration of the tendon and may be relieved with anti-inflammatory medications and/or correcting any biomechanical abnormalities. Improper stretching before and after activity will increase the chance of developing tendonitis.

Due to the crowded nature of the lower leg with its numerous tendons, the inflammation fluid can get trapped and apply extra pressure on blood vessels and nerves. This condition is called compartment syndrome [2, 3]. The fluid pressure acts as a tourniquet on the blood vessels, strangulating the muscles below the inflamed site. The tissues do not receive adequate nutrition and oxygen needed to function properly. Waste products collect in this area mimicking shin splint symptoms. If nerves are affected, then tingling, numbness, and/or muscle weakness can develop. With rest or massage, the blood flow is restored and the pain subsides. If unusually extreme pain is noted in the calves without resolution, an emergency situation may be present. Sensation deficits in the foot or loss of active foot movement should immediately be addressed by an emergency room physician.

Excessive strain on tendons and their bony attachments can lead to a stress fracture of the tibia. Repeated pull on the bone by the tendonous attachments creates a focal weakened area. Continued forces applied to this weakened area can result in a stress fracture. Fractures generally require leg immobilization for a minimum of six to eight weeks in a cast to allow for proper bone healing.